Es muy común en el ámbito administrativo o de recursos humanos tener la necesidad de realizar cálculos sobre la cantidad de días laborales de sus empleados.
Es por eso, que el manejo de ciertas funciones resulta muy importante para dichos cálculos.
Veremos varias opciones para utilizar en cada caso las funciones correctas.
Comencemos:
Armamos una planilla donde ingresamos la fecha inicial y final para obtener los días laborales.
Para calcular los días calendario, se utiliza la función DIAS.
Esta función nos dará como resultado la cantidad de días calendario de diferencia entre la fecha inicial y la fecha final.
Generalmente utilizamos la resta para dicho calculo.
Este recurso forma parte del curso gratuito de Excel.
Ahora, calculamos los días laborales de diferencia entre las diferentes fechas.
Para eso, utilizamos la función:
DIAS.LAB
=DIAS.LAB(Fecha_inicial;Fecha_Final;[Vacaciones])
La sintaxis de la función DIAS.LAB tiene los siguientes argumentos:
Fecha_inicial (Obligatorio) Es una fecha que representa la fecha inicial.
Fecha_final (Obligatorio) Es una fecha que representa la fecha final.
Vacaciones (Opcional) Es un rango opcional de una o varias fechas que deben excluirse del calendario laboral, como los días festivos nacionales y locales. La lista puede ser un rango de celdas que contengan las fechas o una constante de matriz de los números de serie que representen las fechas.
Veamos ahora un ejemplo:
En este caso, omitimos de poner el argumento “Vacaciones” que serán las fechas que la función tendrá en cuenta.
Es importante aclarar, que esta función solamente tiene en cuenta los días que van de lunes a viernes, no toma en cuenta sábados o domingos.
Ahora vamos a realizar una lista de las fechas que tomaremos como vacaciones, y le diremos a la función que las tenga en cuenta para no incluirlas en el resultado.
Como vemos en la imagen, en el rango A10:A14 incluimos fechas como vacaciones o feriados, por lo tanto si esas fechas caen del lunes al viernes, esa fecha no se tomará en cuenta como laboral.
Vemos que el resultado final ha cambiado.
¿QUÉ PASA SI DESCANSO MARTES Y MIERCOLES EN LUGAR DE SABADO Y DOMINGO?
En ese caso, la función que usaremos no será DIAS.LAB sino DIAS.LAB.INTL
Ya que está función me permite elegir que día o días de la semana voy a tomar como descanso.
Su sintaxis es la siguiente:
DIAS.LAB.INTL(fecha_inicial, fecha_final, [fin_de_semana], [vacaciones])
La sintaxis de la función DIAS.LAB.INTL tiene los siguientes argumentos:
Fecha_inicial y fecha_final (Obligatorios) Son las fechas para las que desea calcular la diferencia. El valor de fecha_inicial puede ser anterior, igual o posterior al de fecha_final.
Fin_de_semana (Opcional) Indica los días de la semana que son días de fin de semana y no están incluidos en el número de todos los días laborables entre fecha_inicial y fecha_final. Fin_de_semana es una cadena o un número de fin de semana que especifica cuándo tienen lugar los fines de semana.
Veamos un ejemplo:
Aquí vemos como cuando estamos ingresando los datos de la función, el tercer dato o argumento, es elegir el o los días de descanso.
En este caso vemos como cada día o días, tiene asignado un número. En este caso que descansamos Martes y Miércoles, la opción sería el número 4.
Como vemos podemos descansar dos días o uno solo.
Luego debemos ingresar los feriados, y el resultado será el siguiente:
Aumenta tus conocimientos con este Mini curso de Excel
¿QUÉ DIFERENCIA HAY ENTRE DIA.LAB y DIAS.LAB?
La función DIAS.LAB me devuelve la cantidad de días entre dos fechas, mientras que la función DIA.LAB me da como resultado la suma de una fecha inicial mas una cantidad de días determinada por el usuario.
Por ejemplo, tengo 20 días de licencia y necesito saber cuando me reintegro al trabajo. En ese caso voy a usar la función DIA.LAB, ya que necesito tengo la fecha que salgo de licencia + la cantidad de días de licencia, el resultado será la fecha de retorno al trabajo, tomando solo los días laborales, ósea de lunes a viernes.
Sintaxis
DIA.LAB(fecha_inicial, días, [vacaciones])
La sintaxis de la función DIA.LAB tiene los siguientes argumentos:
Fecha_inicial (Obligatorio) Es una fecha que representa la fecha inicial.
Días (Obligatorio) El número de días laborables (días que no sean fines de semana ni días festivos) anteriores o posteriores al argumento fecha_inicial. Un valor positivo para el argumento días produce una fecha futura; un número negativo produce una fecha pasada.
Vacaciones (Opcional) Es una lista opcional de una o varias fechas que deben excluirse del calendario laboral, como los días festivos nacionales y locales. La lista puede ser un rango de celdas que contengan las fechas.
Veamos en la práctica como funciona:
Aquí vemos como a la fecha inicial (15/1/2021) le agrega 20 días laborales, y da como resultado, 12/2/2021.
Esta función también toma en cuenta los feriados, aunque no es obligatorio este dato.
También podemos usar DIA.LAB.INTL si los días de descanso no son los convencionales Sábado y Domingo.
Estos son los diferentes métodos o maneras para calcular los días laborales en Excel.
Si te interesa ver un video sobre este tema puedes ver el siguiente video:
Video sobre Funciones de Fecha
Si quieres aumentar tus conocimientos sobre EXCEL puedes hacer totalmente gratis nuestro curso de EXCEL BÁSICO en el siguiente enlace:
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